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Software
COMPUTER SYSTEM
HARDWARE SOFTWARE
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Software
MS Windows 7, Vista, XP
MS Word 2000-2010
Games
PhotoShop
Paint
NotePad
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Software
Software is the programs that tell the computer
what to do and how to do.
All programs in a computer system.
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SOFTWARE
Operating System
Programs Application Programs
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What is an Operating System Program?
Operating system programs are used
I - to operate and control the computer parts(hardware) such ashard disk, floppy disk, printer,
and display unitII - operate the other programs(applications).
IIImanage and organize the files and information
on the disk. Every computer must have at least one operating
system program such as Windows XP, WindowsVista, Windows 7, MSDOS, Unix, Novel etc.
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Facts about operating system
You can not use your computer without an operating systemprogram. All other programs (application programs) run under theoperating system
programs.
For example, any time when you want to write a letter, you run(start) oneword processing program such as Word 2010, WordPad andyou can type
your letter and when you complete your work you can quit (close)theprogram. But any time when you want, you can not run and quittheoperating system programs.
When you press the power button to turn on your computer,operatingsystem program automatically runs without asking anythingyou like yourheart.
Operating system program looks like your internal organs(heart,kidney) that always runs on the background. Applicationprograms looklike your external organs (hand, leg, foot) that anytime you want youcan use.
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Operating System Programs
An Operating System, or OS, is a software program
that controls and operates the computer hardware.
It also manages all the other programs in a computer
system. The other programs are called applicationprograms.
Operatingsystems perform basic tasks, such as getting
in the inputs from the input units, sending the outputsto theoutput units, managing files and folders on the
disk, and controlling devices which is connected the
computer such as disk drives and printers.
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Operating System Programs
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Operating System Programs
It is the most important program that runs on a computer. Everycomputer must have an operatingsystem to run the
other programs and operate the computer hardware. Withouta OSprogram you can not operate your computer parts and
you can not use the other programs. Computer users will notstart it. It is loaded by BIOS
automatically on booting, when you power on yourcomputer and itwill continue running like your heart at
background of the computer until turning off yourcomputer.
Without a computer Operating System, a computer wouldbeuseless.
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Operating system types
As computers have developed, so we have
different types of operating systems.
Below is a basic list of the different types of
operating systems and a few examples ofOperating Systems thatfall into each of the
categories.
Many computer Operating Systems will fall intomore than one ofthe below categories.
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Different types of
Operating system (OS)
Graphical Based Operating System (OS)
Text Based Operating System (OS)
A multi-user Operating System (OS)
A multiprocessing Operating System (OS)
A multitasking Operating System (OS)
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Operating system types
Graphical Based OS programs;
Any OS program with GUI, short for Graphical
User Interface, contains graphics and icons and is
commonly used by using a computer mouse.Below are some examplesof GUI Operating
Systems.
Windows 7
Windows XP
Windows 2000
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Operating system types
Text Based OS programs;
Any OS program with text based user screen. You
should type the commands to do anything. Below are
some examples of Text Based Operating Systems.
MS DOS
UNIX
NOVELL
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Operating system types
Multi-user
A multi-user Operating System allows for multipleusers to usethe same computer at the same time
and/or different times. Below are some examplesof multi-userOperating Systems.
Linux
UNIX Windows NT
Windows 2000
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Operating system types
Multiprocessing
An Operating System is able to use more than one
computer processor. Below are some examples of
multiprocessing Operating Systems.
Linux
UNIX
Windows 2000, Windows 7, Windows 8
BeOS
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Operating system types
Multitasking
An Operating system that is capable of allowing
multiple software processes to run at the same
time. Below are some examples of multitaskingOperatingSystems.
UNIX
Windows 2000, Windows 7, Windows 8
Windows XP
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Application Programs
They are the optional programs which means doesntrequire tooperate your computer. If you want to do
anything such as playing game, typing a letter,
listening a music, drawing a picture, you can use oneapplicationprogram which meets with your needs.
Computer users starts and quit any time any
application programs. They look like your external
organs like hand, leg, eyes.
It is a program to perform a specific task or operation
for users such as MS Word, Paint, games
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Application Programs
Some application programs come with (integrated orbundled) theOperating System Programs.
Windows Explorer - Allows you to see and access all thefoldersand files on your HDD, FDD, CDD and Local Area
Network. Internet Explorer - This is a browser program thatenables
you see web pages on the Internet.
Notepad - Simple word processor with limited features used
to make and modify text (.txt) files. Wordpad - Word processorwith more features than Notepad.
It can handle large document (.doc) files.
Paint - Allows you to make, modify and save image files.
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Application Programs
CD Player - Simple CD player.
Sound recorder - If you have a microphone
plugged into your sound card you can record
sounds and play them back with option of addingeffects likeecho.
Windows Media Player - Plays video (.mpg) and
audio (.wav) files.
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Application Programs
In addition to integrated application programs,there arethousands of third party applicationprograms you can buy andinstall to your computersystem them any time when you want.
MS Word, MS Excel, MS PowerPoint, MS Access
Corel Draw
Adobe Photoshop
Games
Adobe Acrobat
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Application Programs Types
Word Processing Programs
Spreadsheets
Presentation programs
Database Programs
Graphics and Photo Editor Programs
Multimedia Programs Utilities
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Application Programs Types
Word Processing Programs
Word Processor is a program to write, edit,
format, and print a document (text).
Typing a letter, an example task which you can do
with a word processing program.
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Application Programs Types
Spreadsheets
It is a program to work with financial data, and to
make tables, to draw charts.
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Application Programs Types
Spreadsheets
Drawing a table and performing some calculations
like finding percentage and differences which can be
done automatically by a spreadsheet program. Drawing a chart, anexample task which it can be
handled easily by a spreadsheet program.
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Application Programs Types
Presentation programs
It is a program to present (show to people)
information, pictures, charts, graphics.
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Application Programs Types
Database Programs
It is a program to make and manage databases.
Database means any information that can be
categorized into the specific groups example
records about student in a school, address
books
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Application Programs Types
Database
Usually a database file keeps
track of the large amount of
information that can becategorized into the groups
(columns) such as name,
surname
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Application Program Types
Graphics and Photo Editor Programs
It is a program to draw computer graphics and to
edit pictures.
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Windows 7
Windows 7, the version of Microsoft Windows,was produced for useon personal computers,
including home and business desktops, laptops,
netbooks, tablet PCs, and media center PCs. Windows 7 issucceeded by Windows 8, which has
been released.
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Some Features ofWindows 7:
Libraries
Aero Peek Aero Shake
Aero Flip Jump Lists
Taskbar Icons
New Themes Snapping
Internet Explorer 9
Windows MediaPlayer 12
Gadgets Desktop Slideshow
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Aero Peek - Aero Peek lets you preview thedesktop in an X-Rayvision mode.
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Aero Shake - You can use Aero Shake toquickly minimize all openwindows except theone youre shaking.
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Jump Lists - Jump lists give you the optionof viewing a list ofrecently accessed files
by application.
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Taskbar Icons -You can close anyapplication using
its previewwindow. You canpause MediaPlayer usingitsthumbnail.
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Snapping -Snapping is a
new way ofresizing open
windows.
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Gadgets - aremini-programs
that come withWindows.
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Windows 7 Desktop Components
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The desktop iscomposed of the
contents of yourcomputer screen
after Windows 7
has been started.
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Desktop
Taskbar
The taskbar is the long horizontal bar at the bottom
of the screen.
Unlike the desktop, which can get obscured by
open windows, the taskbar is almost always
visible.
It has four main sections.
Parts of Taskbar are:
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Desktop - Taskbar
Four main sections: 1. The Start button , which opens theStart
menu.
2. The middle section, which shows you whichprograms and filesyou have open and allows youto quickly switch between them.
3. The notification area, which includes a clockand icons (smallpictures) that communicate thestatus of the certain programs andcomputersettings.
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Desktop - Taskbar
Four main sections:
4. The show desktop button minimizes all open
windows to show the desktop.
< >+ key combination can also be usedto show desktop.
Hovering over a Show Desktop button, will
preview desktop using Aero Peek feature ofWindows 7.
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Desktop
Start Button
The Start button is located on the left
edge of the taskbar, and it is the mostimportant component onthe Windows
desktop.
It is used to open the Start Menu.
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Desktop
Start Button
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Start Menu
You can open Start menu by clicking the startbutton , or byusing + keycombination.
Start menu lets you easily access the most usefulitems on yourcomputer.
All programs items opens a list of programscurrently installedon your computer.
Programs are added to the most frequently usedprograms listabove All Programs items when youuse them.
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Another featureof Start menu issearch box.
You can search aprogram, file, or
folder by typing aword or a phraseinto a search box.
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Desktop
Taskbar Buttons
Taskbar buttons are icons representing open and
pinned programs, folders, or files.
Whenever you open a program, folder, or file,Windows creates acorresponding button on the
taskbar.
The button shows an icon that represents the openprogram.
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Desktop
Taskbar Buttons
Taskbar Buttons Representing Open or Pinned
Items
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Desktop
Taskbar Buttons
When you move your mouse pointer to a taskbar
button, a small picture appears to show you a
miniature version of the corresponding window. This preview,also called a thumbnail, is capable of
playing videos and animations.
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Desktop
Taskbar Buttons
The Preview of an Open Program
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WINDOWS 7 COMPONENTS
Windows 7 has three main components:Windows, menus and dialogboxes.
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Title
bar
Minimize
button
Maximize
buttonClose
button
Menu bar
Tool
bar
Vertical
Scroll bar
Status
bar
Horizontal
Scroll bar
if you:
I double-click anicon or
IIstart a program you can see a
window.
On the picture youare seeing the Partsof the Window.
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USING A WINDOW
Windows in Windows 7 have common controls which you can use toscroll,resize, move, and close a window.
Scroll To move vertically or horizontally in a window so you canview objects thatare not currently visible. You can scroll througha window by clicking the scrollarrows, by dragging the scroll box,or by clicking the scroll bar.
Maximize To enlarge a window to fill the screen. You canmaximize a window by
clinking the maximize button, or by double-clicking the windowstitle bar. Minimize To reduce a window to a button on the taskbar.You can minimize a
window by clinking the minimize button. To display a minimizedwindow, clickits button on the taskbar.
Restore To turn a window into its previous size. You can restorea window byclinking the restore button, or by double-clicking thewindow title bar. When awindow is maximized, the Maximize buttonchanges to the Restore button.
Close To close a window, you can click the Close button.
Move To move a window, you can drag the title bar.
Resize To resize a window, locate the mouse pointer right overthe border of thewindow, when the pointer shape changes thedouble-headed arrow drag thewindows border to the new position.
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A mouse controls apointer on thescreen.
You move thepointer by slidingthe mouse over a
flat surface in thedirection you wantthe pointer to move.
Point to an item just locatethe mouse pointer over anyitem.
Click an item point to the itemon your screen, and quickly
press and release the left
mouse button. Double-click an item point to
the item, and then quicklypress and release the leftmouse buttontwice.
Drag an item point to an item,and then hold down the leftmousebutton as you move the
pointer.
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Icons
Files, folders, and programs are represented bysmall picturescalled icons.
A files icon is represented by the program the file
was created. For example, a Microsoft Word documents icon is
similar to the icon of the Microsoft Word program
in which the document was created. Folder icons look like afolder. The name of the
file, folder, or program is displayed under the icon.
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Icons
Icon of a Folder
Icon of a Word Document Icon of the Word Program
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Computer Icon
You can access all your drives, removable media(e.g., DVD orflash memory), folders, and files
using the Computer icon.
It is the main access to all files in your computer.Your filesand folders are displayed in Windows
Explorer.
Windows Explorer can be opened using the< > + keycombination.
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Computer Icon
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Recycle Bin
The Recycle Bin stores all the files you delete fromyourcomputer.
You can use the Recycle Bin to restore files you
have accidentally deleted. You get more disk space by emptyingthe Recycle
Bin.
The Recycle Bin is the only folder displayed on thedesktop whenyou first start Windows 7.
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Restoring DeletedItems
Delete any folderor file in your
computer, then
restore it from theRecycle Bin.
Full and
Empty Recycle
Bin Icons
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Network Icon
The Network icon provides handy access to thecomputers anddevices on your network.
From there, you can see the contents of network
computers and find shared files and folders. You can also viewand install network devices,
such as printers.
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NetworkWindowand PCson theNetwork
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Control Panel
You can use the Control Panel to change settingsfor Windows.
These settings control nearly everything about how
Windows looks and works, and they allow you toset up Windows sothat its just right for you.
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Control PanelWindow
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Shortcuts are a type of icon that offers quick accessto files,folders, or programs.
You can create a shortcut that appears on the
desktop and provides faster access to a file. You use shortcutsin the same way you use other
icons, double-clicking on them to open files or
folders or to run programs.
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Shortcuts look similar toother icons except thatthey have asmall, curvedarrow in the bottom-leftcorner.
You might think ofshortcuts as placeholdersfor other icons. Youcancreate, copy, move, anddelete a shortcut withoutaffecting thefile, folder,or program itself.
A Folder Shortcut
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To switch user, logoff, restart, lock,sleep or hibernate,
follow these steps: Step 1: Click on the
Start button.
Step 2: Click on thearrow next to theShutdown button.
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Switching Users orLogging Off
User switching makes itpossible for you to quicklyswitch betweenusers
without actually loggingoff from the computer.
Multiple users can share acomputer and use it
simultaneously, switchingback and forth withoutclosing theprograms theyare running.
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Power Button Options
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Turning Off the Computer
When youve finished using your computer, youneed to shutdownWindows.
When you give a command to tell Windows to shut
down, it tidies up after itself, saves information inthecomputers memory, cleans up temporary files,
and verifies that youve saved any changes you
made to any files you worked on. To turn off the computer, clickon the Start button,
and then click the Shut down button.
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Turning Off the Computer
Another way to perform all these operations is touse the ShutDown Windows dialog box.
Before opening the dialog box, be sure that youve
saved your files and closed all applications. To open the dialogbox after all applications are
closed and the desktop is displayed use the
+ key combination.
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The Shut Down Windows Dialog Box
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Parts of a Window
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The navigation pane isused to access libraries,folders, savedsearches,and even entire hard disks.
You can use the Favorites
section to open your mostcommonly used foldersand searches, theLibrariessection to access yourlibraries, and theComputer folderto
browse folders andsubfolders.
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A search box is included at thetop of each open window or ontheStart menu.
It is used for looking for anyitem in the current folderorlibrary.
When you start typing, thesearch starts automatically.
For example, if you just typethe letter B in the search
box, all items beginning with a
B or containing a B (inlower or upper case) willappear in thefile list.
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The address baris used to
navigate to adifferent folder
or library or to
return to theprevious one.
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Back ()buttons are used to navigate toother folders or librariesthatyouve already opened withoutclosing the current folder.
These buttons work together
with the address bar; after youuse the address bar tochangefolders, for example, you canuse the Back button to returntothe previous folder.
You can also use theBackspace key to return to the
previous folder.
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The details pane displaysthe most common
properties related to theselected item.
File properties are
information about a file,such as its size, the dateyou lastmodified it, andany descriptive tags youmight have added tothefile.
The details pane can beresized using the mouse.
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The preview pane displaysthe contents of most files.If youveselected a
picture, music, or a textfile, you can see their
content without openingthem in a program.
If the preview pane is notdisplayed in WindowsExplorer, click onin thetoolbar to turn it on.
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The menu bar is a long barwhere function menus arelocated.
You can use function menus toperform several operations,such asopening, copying, or
moving a file or folder. Almost every program has a
specific menu bar.
If a menu bar is not displayedin Windows Explorer, use
the Organize button / Layout.
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A program icon is located atthe left edge of a title bar ofa
program. The program icondisplays a pop-up menu.
This menu lets you access theminimize, maximize, close,
restore, resize, and move thewindow options.
To display the program orfolder icon pop-up menu, clickon theprogram or folder icon
in the title bar or press +
M i l ti Wi d
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Manipulating Windows
Closing a Window Closing a window ends a program or closes afile
or folder. To close any window:
Click the Close button( ) on the title bar, or
Click the program icon on the title bar. From the
pop-up menu, select Close,
Or Press +.
M i l ti Wi d
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Manipulating Windows
Minimizing a Window Minimizing windows is useful if you need toview the
desktop or just want to temporarily hide the openwindow.Minimizing a window displays the window in the taskbar asabutton.
The most common ways to minimize an open window are: Click theMinimize button ( ) on the title bar, or
Click the program icon on the title bar. From the pop-upmenu,select Minimize, or
Right-click on the title bar. From the pop-up menu,selectMinimize, or
In order to minimize all open windows, use the< logo key>+key combination.
M i l ti Wi d
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Manipulating Windows
Maximizing a Window A maximized window fills the entire screen.To enlarge a
window to fill your computer screen, maximize it using oneof thefollowing steps:
Click the Maximize button ( ) on the title bar, or
Click on the program icon on the title bar; from the pop-upmenu,select maximize, or
Double-click the title bar, or
Drag a window to the top of the screen until the pointer of
the mouse reaches the top edge of the screen. Maximizingthewindow in such a way is called snapping.
If a window is open but not maximized, use< logokey>+.
M i l ti Wi d
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Manipulating Windows
Snapping a Window Snapping is a new way of resizing windows. Allyou have to
do is drag a window until the mouse pointer reaches theleft,right, or top edge of the screen. You can snap windows to
arrange them side by side, which can be especially helpfulwhencomparing two documents or when moving files fromone folder toanother.
When you snap a window to the left or right edge of the
screen, it fills half of the screen. When you snap a windowtothe top edge, the window is maximized.
Shortcut keys for snapping are: +,+ and +.
M i l ti Wi d
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Manipulating Windows
Shaking a Window A new feature in Windows 7 is Aero Shake.
You can use the Aero Shake feature to quicklyminimize every openwindow except the one youre
shaking. This feature can save time when minimizingall openwindows except one. You can then restore allof those windows byshaking the open window again.To use this feature, shake the paneof any window.
You can also use the + keycombination to minimize all windowsexcept theactive one. Use the same key combination torestorewindows.
M i l ti Wi d
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Manipulating Windows
Restoring a Window
Restoring a window returns the maximized orminimized window backto its previous size.
To restore a window:
Click the Restore Down button ( ) on the title bar, or
Click on the program or folder icon on the title bar;from thepop-up menu, select Restore, or
Double-click the title bar when the window ismaximized, or
Use the +Down Arrow key combination.
Manip lating Windo s
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Manipulating Windows
Switching Between Windows You can have several programs orwindows open
and running simultaneously, but you can only work
in one window at a time. The window youre working with is calledthe
active window and always appears on top of any
other windows that you have opened. There are several ways ofswitching between open
windows.
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Switching betweenWindows
Switch betweenwindows using
+,+,++,+ and++.
What are thedifferences betweenthose shortcut keys?
Tiling and Cascading Windows
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Tiling and Cascading Windows
When you have several windows or programsopen, you can haveWindows 7 automatically
arrange them for you, instead of manually resizing
and pushing them around. Windows can organize your windows intwo
different ways by tiling and cascading.
Tiling Windows Horizontally or Vertically
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Tiling Windows Horizontally or Vertically
Tiling windows resizes open windows (notwindows minimized to thetaskbar) so that each
window is arranged and displayed on the desktop
horizontally or vertically. Right-click on an empty area of thetaskbar to tile
windows horizontally.
Then, from the shortcut menu, select Showwindows stacked.
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Windows Tiled Horizontally
Arranging Open
Windows Options
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In order to tilewindowsvertically,after right-
clicking on ataskbar, selectShowwindows side
by side.Windows Tiled Vertically
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Cascading windowsarranges all openwindows (not windowsminimizedto thetaskbar) so that title
bars are listed undereach other.
In order to cascadewindows, after right-
clicking on the taskbar,select Cascadewindows.
Cascading Windows
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Cascading Windows
Cascaded Windows
Running Programs
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Running Programs
There are different methods for opening or runningprograms.
You can start a program by clicking the Start button,pointing toAll Programs, then clicking the program.
You can start a program opening Windows Explorer,pointing to theprogram icon, then double-clicking theprogram. However, this methodis a bit long since youhave to find the location of the program onthe harddisk, usually in C:\Program Files\...
You can also start a program by using the Runcommand.
Running Programs
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Running Programs
The Run Command The Run command is a more technical way to starta
program.
Use + to open the Run dialog box.
When the Run dialog box is open, type in the name ofthe program,then click the OK button.
You can use the Browse button to run a program byfinding itsicon in the Program Files folder.
The Program Files folder, which is generally locatedin the C:\drive, is a special folder where files neededto execute programsare kept.
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Run the followingprograms using the Rundialog box:
1. Word Pad (wordpad)
2. Paint (pbrush) 3. Calculator (calc)
4. Notepad (notepad)
5. On-Screen Keyboard
(osk) They all have -.exe
file extension.
+
Windows Menus
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Windows Menus
Using menus is the most common way. Window menus changeaccording to the current file, folder,
or program opened. If a menu has the (...) sign, it means thatasubmenu will open when you click on this menu.
When you click on a menu with an ellipsis, a dialog boxappears.This section discusses Windows Explorer menusdisplayed in an openfolder.
You can select a menu item with mouse or you can use the
Alt key to use menu bar. After the Alt key is pressed, thefirstitem of a menu bar is highlighted. Arrow keys can thenbe used toselect a certain command.
Windows Menus
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Windows Menus
File Menu
Edit Menu
View Menu
Tools Menu
Help Menu
Dialog Boxes
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Dialog Boxes
Some commands in menus include additionaloptions. Such commandshave a () sign after the
command text.
When you select such a command, a dialog boxappears.
Dialog Boxes
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Dialog Boxes
Dialog boxes have controls to help selections,including textbox, list box, combo box, check box,
button, radio button, tab, panel, and section.
You can save the changes you made by clicking theApply or OKbutton.
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Tabs Radio Button
Button List Box
Combo Box
Check Box OK Button
Cancel Button Text Box
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Windows Controls in the Folder Options
Dialog Box
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Windows Controls in the MS Word Font
Dialog Box
Basics of Files and Folders
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Basics of Files and Folders
A file is a collection of information, such as aprogram, a setof data used by a program, or a user-
created document.
For example, the music youre listening to, apicture of yourfamily, or a document that you
created are all files.
Each file is created by a program. A folder (directory) is acontainer of related files
and subfolders.
File Extensions
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File Extensions
A file extension is a suffix applied to the file name toindicatethe file format.
Each type of file has its own extension. A fileextension isusually three or more characters at the end
of the computer file name. File extensions are useful forcomputer operating
systems, like Microsoft Windows or Apple Mac OS X,and basicallytell them what kind of data file it is andwith which application itis associated.
Although files have extensions, folders dont have anyextensionssince they are directories.
Recognizing Common Files
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Recognizing Common Files
We can recognize files according to their iconsandextensions.
Some common files with their icons and
extensions are included in the following table. Note that fileicons can differ depending on the
default programs with which theyre working.
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Text files can be created, opened, and modified usingwordprocessors such as Notepad, Word Pad, andMicrosoft Word 2010.
Word Document
2007 - 2010
Previous version of
Word Document 97-2003
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Audio files can be played using multimedia programssuch asWinamp, Windows Media Player, Media PlayerClassic, and GOMPlayer.
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Video files can be played using multimedia programssuch asWinamp, Windows Media Player, Media Player
Classic, and GOM Player.
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Image files can be opened using applications such as WindowsPhotoViewer, Picasa, and Adobe Acrobat Reader; they can be editedand created
using applications such as Adobe Photoshop, Corel Photo Impact,orMicrosoft Paint.
Other Files
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Other Files
Presentation files can be opened and edited usingprograms suchas Microsoft PowerPoint, AdobePersuasion, and CorelPresentations.
Web pages are files that can be displayed in browsers
such as Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari, or Opera;they can beedited in programs like Dreamweaver orExpression Web.
Spreadsheet files work with programs such as Excel,Lotus, orCorel Quattro Pro.
Executable files run applications to which theycorrespond. Eachprogram has its own icon.
Other Files
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Other Files
Windows Explorer
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Windows Explorer
Windows Explorer displays the hierarchicalstructure of files,folders, and drives on yourcomputer.
It also shows any network drives that have been
mapped to drive letters on your computer.
All media drives such as hard disk drives, DVD-ROM or Flashmemory are displayed in a
Windows Explorer and each is shown by a letter. Using WindowsExplorer, you can copy, move,
rename, and search for files and folders.
Windows Explorer
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Windows Explorer
For example, you can open a folder that contains afile you wantto copy or move, and then drag the
file to another folder or drive.
Use Computer icon on the Desktop, or +Ekey combination to openWindows Explorer.
Windows Explorer
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W dows p o e
Windows Explorer
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p
Creating a New Folder
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g
To create a new folder, From the File menu selectNew, and thenclick Folder.
When folder is created, give it the name you want,
and then press Enter key.
Creating a New Folder
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g
Creating a New Folder
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g
You can also create a new folder by clicking NewFolder button,which is located on a toolbar.
Right-click on any empty space in a folder or
desktop to create a new folder. When shortcut
menu opens, select New, and then click Folder. Ctrl+Shift+N keycombination can also be used to
create a new folder.
Changing the Name of a File or Folder
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g g
To change the name of a file or folder, first of allselect theitem (file or folder).
Rightclick the item, then from the shortcut menu,
select Rename. Type the name, and then press Enter, but notethat
file names cannot contain the following characters:
\ / : * ? < >|. You can also use F2 key, or a File menu torename
an item.
Selecting Files and Folders
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g
Selecting multiple files or folders helps you tocopy, move,delete, and compress these files.
These are some methods to select files and folders:
To select non-consecutive files or folders, pressand hold downCtrl key, and then click each item.
To deselect an item, click it again.
Selecting Files and Folders
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g
To select consecutive files or folders, click the firstitem,press and hold down Shift key, and then click the
last item.
You can also select consecutive items using Shift and
arrow keys.
To select all the files and folders in a window, from
the Edit menu click Select All, or use Ctrl+A key
combination, or click and draw a rectangle around anyadjacentfiles you want to select.
To cancel selection, click a blank area in the window.
Copying a File or a Folder
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py g
Copy operation duplicates the file or the folder. To copy anyitem, click the item, and then select
Copy from the Edit menu. Then, go to the
destination folder, and select Paste (Ctrl+V) fromthe Editmenu.
Another way of copying an item is dragging an
item from source folder to destination folder, bypressing andholding down a Ctrl key.
Copying a File or a Folder
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py g
Copy Function and Its Shortcut Key Displayed inan Edit Menu(Ctrl+C) .
Alternative way of copying a file: Right-click an
item, from the shortcut menu select Copy and thenright click ablank area and then select Paste.
Moving a File or a Folder
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g
Move operation transfers files or folders to adifferentlocation.
To move any item, click the item and then selectCut from theEdit menu or Organize button or
(Ctrl+X) .
Go to the destination folder, and then select Pastefrom the Editmenu, or use Ctrl+V key
combination. You can also transfer files and folders bydragging
them from one folder to another.
Moving a File or a Folder
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g
Alternative way of moving a file: Right-click anitem from theshortcut menu, select Cut and then
Right-click a blank area and select Paste.
Deleting a File or a Folder
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g
There are two ways of deleting items. Send them toRecycle Bin,or delete them permanently.
Items sent to the Recycle Bin can be restored, butthe ones whoare deleted permanently can be only
restored using special recovery programs suchRecuva, SmartRecovery, Get Data Back or PCRecovery.
To delete (send to Recycle Bin) any item, right-click on it, andthen, from the shortcut menu, selectDelete.
Deleting a File or a Folder
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g
You can also delete a file using File menu orOrganizebutton.
You can also delete a file using key combination
Ctrl + D or Delete key. To delete an item permanently useShift+Delete
key combination .
Deleting a File or a Folder
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Restoring a File or Folder from the
Recycle Bin
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Recycle Bin
To restore a deleted file from Recycle Bin, openRecycle Bin, andthen double-click an item you
want to restore.
When the dialog box opens, click Restore button,and then clickOK button.
Restoring a File or Folder from the
Recycle Bin
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Recycle Bin
Recycle Bin uses memory space of a C:\ drive,which means that afull Recycle Bin may slowdown your computer.
Emptying a Recycle Bin will delete items in it,
which means that items will be deletedpermanently.
To empty Recycle Bin, right-click its icon, and
then select Empty Recycle Bin. You can also restore deleteditem, by right-clicking
it and then selecting Restore.
Restoring a File or Folder from the
Recycle Bin
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Recycle Bin
Creating a Shortcut on the Desktop
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A shortcut is a file that provides immediate access to aprogram,a folder, or a file.
Shortcut appears as icons with curved arrows onDesktop.
To create shortcut of any item on the desktop, right-click anyblank area on the desktop. From the shortcutmenu, after hoveringover New, select Shortcut.
Then, from the Create Shortcut dialog box, clickBrowse buttonand select a file or a folder. Afterselecting an item you wantclick Next button, give aname to the shortcut, and then clickFinish.
Creating a Shortcut on the Desktop
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Creating a Shortcut on the Desktop
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Copy file or folder Go to desktop right
click and choose Paste
shortcut.
Creating a Shortcut on the Desktop
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Alternative way to
create a shortcut:
right-click an item,
then after hoveringon Send to, select
Desktop (create
shortcut)
Sorting Files and Folders
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Sometimes you may have too many different types offiles andsubfolders in a folder, and it may be anightmare for you to find anitem you want. Sortingfiles and folders may help you.
You can sort files and folders according to theirnames, types,sizes or date modified. To sort youritems, right-click any emptyarea in a folder, and thenafter hovering over Sort By, select anycriteria you
want in an Ascending or Descending order. Alternative way tosort files and folders is
View>Sort By>
Sorting Files and Folders
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Grouping Files and Folders
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Grouping your items puts your files and folders inseveral groupsaccording to your criteria. Aftercreating groups, you can collapseor expand them byclicking little arrows which are located at thetop-right
edges of the groups. To group your files and folders,right-click any empty
area in a folder. Hover over Group by, in a shortcutmenu, andthen select any criteria in an Ascending or
Descending order. Alternative way to group files and foldersis
View>Group By>
Grouping Files and Folders
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Changing the View of File and Folder
Icons
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Icons You can change the view of your files and subfolders
in a folder or desktop, depending which kind of viewyoulike.
To change the view of files and folders, click the littlearrownext to Change your view button.
To change the size of desktop icons, right-click anyempty spaceon the desktop. Hover over View, in theshortcut menu, and theselect Large icons, Mediumicons or Small icons.
Press and hold down CTRL key while using the scrollwheel of themouse to change the view of items, oruse View menu in a menubar.
Changing the View of File and Folder
Icons
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Icons
Worksheet 1st Grade April 2013 - [PDF Document] (2024)
References
- https://bibleandbookcenter.com/read/monster-truck-cake-design-pdf/
- https://bibleandbookcenter.com/read/the-real-life-partners-of-the-schitt-s-creek-cast-thethings-thread/
- https://archiveofourown.org/works/22262869/chapters/124526320
- https://oxfordre.com/literature/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190201098.001.0001/acrefore-9780190201098-e-1217?rskey=5Opog3&result=1
- https://documents.pub/document/island-school-art-supply-group-23100-island-school-art-supply-june-2016-group.html
- https://documents.pub/document/worksheet-1st-grade-april-2013.html
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